For this reason when Muhammad began preaching and reciting the Quran, the Meccans accused him of being a poet or a "poet possessed". For them, poetry was closely connected to inspiration from a higher spiritual source.
The Meccans interpreted the Quranic revelations based on their understanding of 'inspiration'. Non-Muslim people questioned the nature and modes of Muhammad's revelations. The revelations started one night during the month of Ramadan in 610 AD, when Muhammad, at the age of forty, received the first visit from the angel Gabriel. Arabic orthography continued to develop into the second century, allowing qira'at, or variant oral readings of the rasm, to be documented in Quranic manuscripts.Īccording to traditional Islamic beliefs, the Quran was revealed to Muhammad, a trader in the Western Arabian city of Mecca founded by the prophet Abraham (Ibrahim), which had become a sanctuary for pagan deities and an important trading center. According to Professor Francis Edward Peters (1991), what was done to the Quran in the process seems to have been extremely conservative and the content was formed in a mechanical fashion to avoid redactional bias. For this reason, the Qur'an as it exists today is also known as the Uthmanic codex. As the Islamic Empire began to grow, and differing recitations were heard in far-flung areas, the rasm, or consonantal skeleton of the Quran was recompiled for uniformity in recitation under the direction of the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan ( r. According to Islamic tradition, the Qur'an was first compiled into a book format by Abu Bakr. Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to have revelations until his death in 632 AD. It spans several centuries, and forms an important major part of the early history of Islam.Īccording to the Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Qur'an began in 610 AD when the angel Gabriel (believed to have been sent by God) appeared to Muhammad in the cave Hira near Mecca, reciting to him the first verses of Surah Al-Alaq. History of the Quran is the timeline and origin of the written compilations or manuscripts of the holy book of Islam, based on historical findings.
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